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Year 3EnglishKS2

ConjunctionsYear 3 Lesson Plan

National Curriculum: English Appendix 2 — Grammar: using conjunctions to express time, place and cause (Year 3)

Overview

Pupils learn to use a range of subordinating and coordinating conjunctions to join clauses and extend their sentences. They explore how different conjunctions change the meaning and structure of a sentence, and practise using them in their own writing to create more varied and complex sentences.

Learning Objectives

  • Identify coordinating and subordinating conjunctions in sentences.
  • Explain how conjunctions join clauses together.
  • Use a range of conjunctions to write multi-clause sentences.
  • Understand how the choice of conjunction affects sentence meaning.

Key Vocabulary

conjunction
A word that joins two clauses or phrases together.
coordinating conjunction
Joins two clauses of equal importance, e.g. 'and', 'but', 'or', 'so', 'yet'.
subordinating conjunction
Introduces a subordinate clause and shows its relationship to the main clause, e.g. 'when', 'because', 'although', 'while', 'if', 'until'.
clause
A group of words that contains a subject and a verb.
subordinate clause
A clause that adds extra information but cannot stand alone as a sentence.
main clause
The part of a sentence that makes complete sense on its own.

Suggested Lesson Structure

10m
Starter

Show two short sentences: 'I was tired. I stayed up late.' Ask: how could we join these? Collect suggestions. Introduce the word 'conjunction'.

20m
Teaching input

Distinguish coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) from subordinating conjunctions. Model how subordinating conjunctions can go in the middle or at the start of a sentence. Show how 'because', 'although', and 'when' create different relationships between clauses.

15m
Guided practice

Pupils complete a set of sentence-joining activities, choosing the most appropriate conjunction. Then discuss: does swapping the conjunction change the meaning? Try 'because' vs 'although' in the same sentence.

10m
Independent practice

Pupils write six sentences about a topic of their choice, each using a different conjunction. Challenge: start two sentences with a subordinating conjunction.

5m
Plenary

Quick sort: teacher reads a sentence, pupils hold up cards for 'coordinating' or 'subordinating'. Review: what do conjunctions do for the reader?

Common Misconceptions

  • Pupils often start sentences with 'Because' and leave it as a fragment — teach that a subordinate clause needs a main clause to complete it.
  • Overuse of 'and' to join everything — explicitly teach that 'and' is for adding equal information, not explaining causes or contrasts.

Prior Knowledge

Pupils should already be able to:

  • Ability to write simple sentences with a subject and verb.
  • Familiarity with basic connectives ('and', 'but') from KS1.
  • Understanding of what a clause is.

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